A modern ipari t\u00e1rsadalom kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak felt\u00e9tele volt, az \u00edrni-olvasni tud\u00e1s, mik\u00e9nt most a globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3nak is. Nem szabad azonban elfelejteni, hogy a vil\u00e1gon besz\u00e9lt t\u00f6bb ezer nyelv k\u00f6z\u00fcl mind\u00f6ssze k\u00e9t-h\u00e1romsz\u00e1znak van \u00edr\u00e1sbelis\u00e9ge.<\/p>\n
A szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban h\u00e1romf\u00e9le analfab\u00e9tizmust k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztetnek meg: els\u0151dlegest, m\u00e1sodlagost \u00e9s funkcion\u00e1list. Az els\u0151 esetben az illet\u0151 soha nem tanult meg \u00edrni \u00e9s olvasni, a m\u00e1sodikban megtanult ugyan, de gyakorlat h\u00edj\u00e1n elfelejtette azt, m\u00edg a funkcion\u00e1lis analfab\u00e9tizmus azt jelenti, hogy valaki tud ugyan \u00edrni \u00e9s olvasni, de nem k\u00e9pes egy elolvasott sz\u00f6veget meg\u00e9rteni \u00e9s annak tartalm\u00e1t elmondani.<\/p>\n
B\u00e1r az \u00edr\u00e1studatlanok abszol\u00fat sz\u00e1ma \u00e9vr\u0151l \u00e9vre n\u0151, ar\u00e1nysz\u00e1muk az \u00f6sszlakoss\u00e1gon bel\u00fcl mindenhol cs\u00f6kken. Az UNICEF, az ENSZ Gyermekalapja 1990 \u00f3ta k\u00fczd az\u00e9rt, hogy a vil\u00e1gon minden gyermek iskol\u00e1ba j\u00e1rhasson, t\u00f6bb mint sz\u00e1zmilli\u00f3 fiatal azonban m\u00e9g mindig nem \u00e9lhet ezzel a jog\u00e1val.A 21. sz\u00e1zadban az \u00edr\u00e1studatlanok legnagyobb ar\u00e1nyban tov\u00e1bbra is Afrika, \u00c1zsia \u00e9s D\u00e9l-Amerika kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 fejlett orsz\u00e1gaiban \u00e9lnek. Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban mintegy 96 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9kos az \u00edr\u00e1stud\u00f3k ar\u00e1nya a feln\u0151tt lakoss\u00e1gban, azonban nagyok az elt\u00e9r\u00e9sek: az analfab\u00e9tizmus m\u00e9g komoly probl\u00e9ma K\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s Kelet-Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban, ahol az UNESCO tavalyi adatai szerint 9 milli\u00f3 feln\u0151tt analfab\u00e9ta \u00e9l. A vil\u00e1gszervezet k\u00fcl\u00f6n szakport\u00e1lt hozott l\u00e9tre az \u00edr\u00e1studatlans\u00e1g jelens\u00e9g\u00e9nek felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ra, az analfab\u00e9tizmus felsz\u00e1mol\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt. Az analfab\u00e9t\u00e1k k\u00f6r\u00e9ben a munkan\u00e9lk\u00fcliek ar\u00e1nya k\u00e9tszer nagyobb, mint az \u00edr\u00e1stud\u00f3k eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n
Magyarorsz\u00e1gon a 19. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9n a lakoss\u00e1g fele analfab\u00e9ta volt, jelenleg sz\u00e1z-k\u00e9tsz\u00e1zezerre tehet\u0151 azok sz\u00e1ma, akik egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem tudnak \u00edrni-olvasni. A feln\u0151tt n\u00e9pess\u00e9g legkevesebb 6-7 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9ka funkcion\u00e1lis analfab\u00e9ta, azaz s\u00falyos sz\u00f6veg\u00e9rt\u00e9si probl\u00e9m\u00e1kkal k\u00fcszk\u00f6dik, nem olvas sem \u00fajs\u00e1got, sem k\u00f6nyvet, m\u00e1s becsl\u00e9sek szerint a feln\u0151ttek 25-30 sz\u00e1zal\u00e9ka sorolhat\u00f3 ide.<\/p>\n
Az analfab\u00e9tizmus elleni k\u00fczdelem napj\u00e1n az UNESCO kit\u00fcntet\u00e9ssel jutalmazza azokat a szervezeteket, amelyek sokat tettek haz\u00e1jukban az \u00edr\u00e1studatlans\u00e1g felsz\u00e1mol\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt.<\/p>\n
A vil\u00e1gnapon az UNESCO \u00e9vr\u0151l-\u00e9vre felsz\u00f3l\u00edtja a vil\u00e1g orsz\u00e1gait az \u00edr\u00e1stud\u00f3 t\u00e1rsadalom megteremt\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Szeptember 8-\u00e1n tartj\u00e1k az analfabetizmus elleni harc, az \u00edrni-olvasni tud\u00e1s vil\u00e1gnapj\u00e1t, amelyr\u0151l az ENSZ Nevel\u00e9s\u00fcgyi, Tudom\u00e1nyos \u00e9s Kultur\u00e1lis Szervezete, az UNESCO 1965-\u00f6s teher\u00e1ni vil\u00e1gkongresszusa hat\u00e1rozott.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"cikk_cimkek":[15],"content_flags":[350],"content_icons":[],"class_list":["post-9141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-erdmost","cikk_cimkek-kozelet","content_flags-erdekes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9141"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9141\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9141"},{"taxonomy":"cikk_cimkek","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cikk_cimkek?post=9141"},{"taxonomy":"content_flags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content_flags?post=9141"},{"taxonomy":"content_icons","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erdmost.hu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content_icons?post=9141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}