A magyarorsz\u00e1gi n\u00e9metek elhurcol\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s el\u0171zet\u00e9s\u00e9nek eml\u00e9knapja Az Orsz\u00e1ggy\u0171l\u00e9s 2013. december 17-\u00e9n a magyarorsz\u00e1gi n\u00e9metek elhurcol\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s el\u0171zet\u00e9s\u00e9nek eml\u00e9knapj\u00e1v\u00e1 nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtotta janu\u00e1r 19-\u00e9t, arra eml\u00e9kezve, hogy 1946-ban ezen a napon hagyta el Magyarorsz\u00e1got az el\u00fcld\u00f6z\u00f6tt n\u00e9met lakosokat sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 els\u0151 vonatszerelv\u00e9ny. Az Orsz\u00e1ggy\u0171l\u00e9s hat\u00e1rozat\u00e1ban hangs\u00falyozta, tisztelettel ad\u00f3zik mindazok eml\u00e9ke el\u0151tt, akiket a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa ut\u00e1n a kollekt\u00edv b\u0171n\u00f6ss\u00e9g igaztalan v\u00e1dja \u00e9s elve alapj\u00e1n \u00fcld\u00f6ztek \u00e9s hurcoltak el.<\/p>\n
A gy\u0151ztes nagyhatalmak a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fat lez\u00e1r\u00f3 potsdami konferenci\u00e1juk v\u00e9g\u00e9n meg\u00e1llapodtak, hogy a Lengyelorsz\u00e1gban, Csehorsz\u00e1gban \u00e9s Magyarorsz\u00e1gon maradt n\u00e9met lakoss\u00e1got vagy annak egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u201cszervezett \u00e9s hum\u00e1nus m\u00f3don\u201d \u00e1t kell telep\u00edteni N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gba. A kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s \u00fcgy\u00e9t a gy\u0151ztes Csehszlov\u00e1ki\u00e1ban \u00e9s Lengyelorsz\u00e1gban a korm\u00e1nyra, a vesztes Magyarorsz\u00e1gon viszont a Sz\u00f6vets\u00e9ges Ellen\u0151rz\u0151 Bizotts\u00e1gra (SZEB) b\u00edzt\u00e1k. A magyar korm\u00e1ny 1945 m\u00e1jus\u00e1ban sz\u00f3beli jegyz\u00e9kben 200-250 ezer n\u00e9metnek N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g szovjet megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1si \u00f6vezet\u00e9be t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez k\u00e9rte a Szovjetuni\u00f3 j\u00f3v\u00e1hagy\u00e1s\u00e1t. A SZEB-et vezet\u0151 szovjet Vorosilov marsall augusztusban m\u00e1r 400-450 ezer n\u00e9met kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re sz\u00f3l\u00edtotta fel a korm\u00e1nyt, amely november elej\u00e9re v\u00e9g\u00fcl 303 ezer nevet tartalmaz\u00f3 r\u00e9szletes kimutat\u00e1st k\u00e9sz\u00edtett.<\/p>\n
A kitelep\u00edt\u00e9sr\u0151l a kisgazdap\u00e1rti Tildy Zolt\u00e1n vezette magyar korm\u00e1ny 1945. december 22-ei \u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9n hat\u00e1rozott, a rendelet december 29-\u00e9n jelent meg. Ez a hazai n\u00e9met kisebbs\u00e9g kollekt\u00edv felel\u0151ss\u00e9g\u00e9nek elv\u00e9n alapult, \u00e9s kitelep\u00edt\u00e9si oknak tekintette, ha valaki mag\u00e1t az 1941-es n\u00e9psz\u00e1ml\u00e1l\u00e1s idej\u00e9n n\u00e9met nemzetis\u00e9g\u0171nek vagy n\u00e9met anyanyelv\u0171nek vallotta. Kitelep\u00edt\u00e9sre k\u00f6telezt\u00e9k azokat is, akik tagjai voltak a Magyarorsz\u00e1gon 1938 november\u00e9ben szervez\u0151d\u0151 Volksbundnak, illetve \u201cb\u00e1rmi m\u00f3don t\u00e1mogatt\u00e1k a hitlerista szervezeteket\u201d. A kitelep\u00edtettek magyar \u00e1llampolg\u00e1rs\u00e1ga megsz\u0171nt, vagyonuk a magyar \u00e1llamra sz\u00e1llt. A kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s ellen tiltakozott, illetve felemelte szav\u00e1t m\u00e1sok mellett Bib\u00f3 Istv\u00e1n, aki akkor a Bel\u00fcgyminiszt\u00e9riumban dolgozott, Mindszenty hercegpr\u00edm\u00e1s, valamint a Szoci\u00e1ldemokrata P\u00e1rt.<\/p>\n
Az els\u0151 vonat 1946. janu\u00e1r 19-\u00e9n indult Buda\u00f6rsr\u0151l<\/strong><\/p>\n A kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s 1946. janu\u00e1r 19-\u00e9n kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt, az els\u0151 vonat Buda\u00f6rsr\u0151l indult. Kezdetben csak az amerikai, k\u00e9s\u0151bb m\u00e1r a szovjet z\u00f3n\u00e1ba is vittek embereket. A t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r is le\u00e1ll\u00f3 kisz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sok 1948. j\u00fanius 15-\u00e9n \u00e9rtek v\u00e9get. Magyarorsz\u00e1gr\u00f3l a Szovjetuni\u00f3ba elhurcolt 64 ezer f\u0151vel egy\u00fctt, \u00f6sszesen 225-230 ezer n\u00e9metet telep\u00edtettek ki, ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl 16 ezer k\u00e9nyszermunka t\u00e1borokban pusztult el. Becs\u00fclt adatok szerint a hazai n\u00e9met nemzetis\u00e9g\u0171 lakoss\u00e1g sz\u00e1ma a kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s ut\u00e1n 200-300 ezer f\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6ttire cs\u00f6kkent. A n\u00e9metek kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9nek hivatalosan az 1949. augusztus 20-\u00e1n elfogadott Alkotm\u00e1ny 49. \u00a7-a, majd c\u00e9lzottan az 1949. okt\u00f3ber 11-\u00e9n megjelent korm\u00e1nyrendelet vetett v\u00e9get.<\/p>\n Ezzel az orsz\u00e1g valamennyi nemzetis\u00e9ge sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k az egyenjog\u00fas\u00e1got \u00e9s a meghat\u00e1rozott nemzetis\u00e9gi jogokat. A rendelet \u00e9rtelm\u00e9ben a Magyarorsz\u00e1gon maradt, a kitelep\u00edt\u00e9s al\u00f3l mentes\u00edtett n\u00e9met nemzetis\u00e9g\u0171 lakoss\u00e1gnak biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k azt a jogot, hogy szabadon v\u00e1lassza meg lak\u00f3hely\u00e9t, elt\u00f6r\u00f6lt\u00e9k a munkav\u00e1llal\u00e1sukra vonatkoz\u00f3 korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sokat is. A n\u00e9met kisebbs\u00e9g helyzete nem sokat javult, t\u00f6bbs\u00e9g\u00fcket az \u00f6tvenes \u00e9vekben \u201chaza\u00e1rul\u00f3k\u00e9nt\u201d \u00e9s \u201coszt\u00e1lyellens\u00e9gk\u00e9nt\u201d k\u00e9nyszermunk\u00e1ra k\u00fcldt\u00e9k a Hortob\u00e1gyra, a n\u00e9met iskol\u00e1kat bez\u00e1rt\u00e1k, a \u201cfasiszt\u00e1nak\u201d min\u0151s\u00edtett n\u00e9met nyelvet az iskolai oktat\u00e1sb\u00f3l is kiz\u00e1rt\u00e1k. A nyom\u00e1s k\u00e9s\u0151bb enyh\u00fclt, de a p\u00e1rt\u00e1llami id\u0151szakban a magyarorsz\u00e1gi n\u00e9met kisebbs\u00e9g jobb\u00e1ra csak saj\u00e1tos kult\u00far\u00e1j\u00e1t \u0151rizhette, az anyanyelvi oktat\u00e1s, m\u0171vel\u0151d\u00e9s int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyes felt\u00e9telei hi\u00e1nyoztak. Az 1993-ban megsz\u00fcletett nemzetis\u00e9gi t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny tette lehet\u0151v\u00e9 a n\u00e9met kisebbs\u00e9gi \u00f6nkorm\u00e1nyzatok megalakul\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A magyarorsz\u00e1gi n\u00e9metek elhurcol\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9s el\u0171zet\u00e9s\u00e9nek eml\u00e9knapj\u00e1n arra eml\u00e9kez\u00fcnk, hogy 1946-ban ezen a napon hagyta el Magyarorsz\u00e1got az els\u0151 vonatszerelv\u00e9ny, amely az el\u00fcld\u00f6z\u00f6tt n\u00e9met lakosokat sz\u00e1ll\u00edtotta N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gba.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":21201,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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